Description of TPM
Urban mobility policies often lie in the responsibility of local and regional authorities. However, European urban transport policies provide a framework for decisions adopted on local level, which also other EU policies have to take into account. The traffic in cities throughout Europe is increasing and as a consequence congestion with its negative impacts as the loss of time and the increase of pollution is a fundamental problem, which costs about 1% of the EU's GDP per year.
Also freight logistics have an urban dimension COM (2009)490, because the distribution of goods to its final destination in the city often is a part of the supply chain and represents the interface to long-haul transport segment. There are several different concepts concerning city logistics - the most common one is the local distribution of goods by smaller, cleaner and efficient vehicles. The main target of urban freight distribution is to avoid traffic passing through cities and metropolitan areas by means of the implementation of technical and planning measures as urban consolidation centres / city logistics. "City logistics incorporates many activities (i.e. production, commerce and supply) between different actors, which appear in form of inner urban goods transport or distribution of interurban freight, fulfilling a substantial contribution to economy, city life and operations." ([4], p.5)
Main source
[1] European Commission (2009): Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of regions; Action plan on Urban mobility. COM (2009)490 final, Brussels
[2] European Commission (2009): Communication from the commission, Freight transport logistics action plan. COM (2007) 607 final, Brussels
[3] European Commission (2007): Green paper - Towards a new culture for urban mobility. COM (2007) 551 final, Brussels
[4] BESTUFS II - Best Urban Freight Solutions (2006): Deliverable 5.2 - Quantification of urban freight transport effects II
[5] CIVITAS initiative: Diverse information. Retrieved from: www.civitas-initiative.eu
[6] European Commission (2007): Commission Staff Working Document - Freight transport Logistics Action Plan, Impact assessment. SEC(2007)1320
[7] BESTUFS II - Best Urban Freight Solutions (2005): Deliverable 1.1 - Policy and research recommendations I, Urban consolidation centres, Last mile solutions
Passengers
Transport operators
Unassigned
Health (incl. well-being)
Safety
Crime, terrorism and security
Accessibility of transport systems
Social inclusion, equality & opportunities
Standards and rights (related to job quality)
Employment and labour markets
Cultural heritage / culture